The word “brain surgery” refers to a variety of surgical procedures aimed at correcting structural issues with the brain.
There are several kinds of brain surgery. The type of treatment depends on the brain region and the disorder being treated. Surgeons can now operate on parts of the brain without making a single incision in or around the head thanks to advances in medical technology.
Dr Gurneet Sawhney who is one of the best neurosurgeons in Mumbai says that brain surgery is a delicate and difficult procedure. The type of brain surgery performed is largely determined by the disorder being treated. A brain aneurysm, for example, may be repaired using a catheter inserted into a groin artery. An open surgery called craniotomy can be used if the aneurysm has ruptured. Surgeons treat each operation on a case-by-case basis, being as patient and thorough as possible.
Why is brain surgery performed?
Brain surgery is used to treat physical problems in the brain. These may be caused by a birth defect, a disorder, an accident, or a variety of other issues. Your neurosurgeon will identify the reason & then the treatment will begin with medication. In some cases your surgeon may recommend immediate surgery.
If you have any of the following disorders in or near your brain, you might need brain surgery:
- bleeding
- abnormal blood vessels
- damage to the protective tissue called the “dura”
- an aneurysm
- abscesses
- blood clots
- pressure after head injury
- epilepsy
- skull fracture
- a stroke
- Parkinson’s disease
- fluid building up in the brain
- nerve damage or nerve irritation
- brain tumors
While not all of these conditions necessitate brain surgery, many of them can benefit from it, especially if they pose a risk of more serious health issues. A brain aneurysm, for example, does not necessitate open brain surgery, although it could be necessary if the vessel ruptures.
Different types of brain surgery
There are many forms of brain surgery available. The form that is used is determined by the issue that is being addressed. Following are the major types of surgeries that are common in Mumbai, India-
Craniotomy
A craniotomy is a procedure that involves cutting a hole in the scalp and forming a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the treatment area of the brain. Your surgeon can choose to remove tumors during open brain surgery. Drain blood or fluid from an infection by clipping an aneurysm. Brain tissue that is irregular is removed
The bone flap is normally sealed in place with plates, sutures, or wires after the procedure is completed. In the event of tumors, infection, or brain swelling, the hole can be left open. The operation is known as a craniectomy when it is left open.
Biopsy
A small amount of brain tissue or a tumor is removed so that it can be studied under a microscope. A small incision and hole in the skull are required for this procedure.
Endonasal endoscopic surgery
Your surgeon will extract tumors or lesions through your nose and sinuses with this procedure. It enables them to gain access to parts of your brain without cutting you open. An endoscope is a telescopic instrument with lights and a camera that allows the surgeon to see where they’re operating during the operation. This can be used to treat tumors of the pituitary gland, tumors at the base of the skull, and tumors in the lower part of the brain, according to your doctor.
Neuroendoscopy
Endoscopes are used to remove brain tumors in neuroendoscopy, which is similar to minimally invasive endonasal endoscopic surgery. During this operation, your surgeon can make tiny, dime-sized holes in your skull to gain access to parts of your brain.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
This operation, like a biopsy, begins with a small hole in the skull, but instead of extracting tissue, the surgeon will place a small electrode into a deep part of the brain. Electrical impulses will be sent from the electrode to a battery in the abdomen, similar to a pacemaker, to assist with symptoms of various conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.
What do you do to get ready for brain surgery?
Your doctor will provide you with step-by-step guidance about how to get ready for the operation.
Any drugs you’re taking, including over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements, should be disclosed to your doctor. In the days leading up to the operation, you would almost certainly have to avoid taking these drugs. Tell your doctor if you’ve had some previous operations or allergies, as well as if you’ve consumed a ton of alcohol.
Before surgery, you might be given a special soap to wash your hair with. Make sure you have everything you’ll need when you’re in the hospital.
Following up after brain surgery
You’ll be closely watched right after surgery to make sure everything is functioning properly. To avoid swelling in your face and brain, you’ll be sitting in an elevated position.
The length of time it takes to recover from brain surgery is determined by the treatment. A normal stay in the hospital for brain surgery will last a week or longer. Your hospital stay will be determined by how well the body reacts to the surgery. During this time, you’ll be on pain medication.
Your doctor will explain the next steps of the procedure to you before you leave the hospital. This will contain instructions on how to care for any surgical wounds you might have.
